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(No Mndel.)

J. MANGER.

SCHOOL SLATE.

N0. 332,095. Patented Deo. 8, 1885.

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UNiTniD STATES PATENT Omron.

JOHN MANGER, OF LONDON, ENGLAND.

SCHOOL-SLATE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 332,095, dated December8, 1885. Application tiled August 1S, 1885. Serial No. 174,722. (Nomodel.) Patented in England J'unc19, 1885, No. 7,480.

To all whom, it may concern,.-

Be it known that I, JOHN MANGER, watc'hmanufacturer, asubject of theQueen of Great Britain, and a resident of London, England, have inventednew and useful Improvements in and relating to Slates for EducationalPurposes, (for which Ihave applied for provisional protection in GreatBritain, N o. 7 ,480, bearing date June 19, 1885,) of which thefollowing is a specification, reference being had to the accompanyingdrawings.

My invention relates to slates for educational purposes; andit consists,chiefly, in providing such slates with rulers adapted to slide thereon,whereby lines may be readily drawn in one or the other direction, asdesired.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a front elevation of aneducational slate provided with improvements according to thisinvention. Fig. 2 is an edge view of the same, and Fig. 3 is a sectionon the line z as, Fig. 1.

Similar letters of reference indicate the same4 parts in all thefigures.

a indicates a slate, the frame of which is composed of two side strips,b b, and two end strips, c c, in a well-known manner.

d indicates the ruler, which slides upon the side strips, b b. Thisruler is composed of two bars, e e, one upon each side of the slate, andtwo connecting-pieces, ff, to which the bars e eare attached, so as toslide freely upon the frame. The two pieces ff are made considerablylonger than the width of the bars e e, as shown in Fig. 1, in order toprevent the ruler from getting out of a horizontal position, and sosliding stiffly or becoming immovable.

g g are pieces which are attached to the end strips, c c, of the frameat either side. These end pieces serve to prevent the ruler from beingslipped off the slatefframe, and also serve to protect the ruler whennot in use. The eX- tended ends of the connecting-pieces f f are adaptedto enter between the projecting ends of the pieces g g, so that theruler can be moved close to the top and bottom of the slate. Instead ofattaching strips g, as described, the parts c c of the frame may be madeof sufficient thickness to render this unnecessary.

With the ruler arranged as described, it will be seen that horizontalparallel lines can be ruled upon both sides of the slate.

In order to enable lines to be drawn at right angles tothe horizontallines-forinstance, for money-celumns-holes h h hare formed in one orboth bars of the ruler, as shown in dotted lines in Figs. 1 and 2, sothat by placinga pencil in one of these holes and drawingrhe ruler in adownward direction the desired lines can be drawn. Any desired number ofthese holes can be formed in one or both sides oftheruler. Slots aresometimes formed in the said strips in lieu of holes, the said slotsextending the whole width of the slate, and being provided with notchesupon their edges to prevent the pencil from slipping. V

In some instances the edge of the slate and the ruler are graduated to ascale of .measurement, as shown in Fig. 1, so as to enable lines to bedrawn at regular or other desirable distances apart. This is very usefulfor drawing maps, as the lines-of latitude and llongitude can be quicklydrawn.

The sliding ruler is of special advantage in teaching children to write,as the copy may be placed upon the ruler and the latter' moved downwardone line each time a line of writing is completed, so that the childsees the copy which he has to imitatejust above the line upon which heis writing, and therefore is not so liable to make mistakes and suchiinperfect copies (by copying the line immediately above Which he haswritten himself) as is the case when the copy is fixed at the top ot'the slate.

In order to enable the copy to be held to the ruler, the .latter isprovided upon one or both sides with metal clips t' t', between whichand the ruler the copy is slipped. These clips are preferably secured byrivets or screws j j, which also serve to connect the bars e c andpiecesf.

I sometimes provide for ruling lines at any angle to the hoii/.ontallines. For this purpose one or both of the strips e may have a secondstrip, k, of the same size as itself, pivoted thereto at one end, whichstrip is adapted to be placed at a greater or less angle to the ruler,as shown by dotted lines in Fig. 1.

It is obvious that I may modify the construction hereinbefore describedwithout departing from the nature of my invention; for instance, insteadof making the ruler in four pieces, as

IOO

described, it may be made in one piece, aslot being formed of sufficientsize to enable the said ruler to slide upon the frame; also, instead ofthe endsff of the :ruler sliding upon the edges of the side pieces, b b,they might be arranged to slide. in longitudinal slots formed therein.

l. The combination, with a slate, of a ruler mounted upon slides whichmove upon they strip united at both ends and sliding upon theparallel'sides of the slate, and clips mounted upon each end of theruler to reeeiveand hold a copy, substantially as described.

3. The'eombination, with a slate having a ruler, d, sliding upon itsparallelsides, of a strip, k, pivoted upon said ruler near one end,substantially as described.

4f.v The combination of the slate a, having a scale of measurementmarked upon the frame thereof, the strips g, With the ruler d, having ascale of measurement marked thereon, and

the clips i, substantially as described.

. In testimony whereof I have hereunto signed my name in the presence oftwo subscribing lWitnesses. v l

JOHN MANGER.

Witnesses: t

DAVID YOUNG, JOHN E. BOURFIELD.

